Machine for drying and pressing pulp barrel-bodies



(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 1v -S. M. HOTGHKISS. MACHINE FOR DRYING AND PRESSING PULP BARREL BODIES.

No. 319,976. Patented June 16-, 1885.

My V

e U z 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

s. M. HOTGHKISS. MACHINE FOR DRYING AND PRESSING PULP BARREL BODIER.

Patented Jun-e 16, 1885.

6 Sheets-Sheet "5.

(No Model.)

s. M. HOTOHKISS.

MACHINE FOR DRYING AND PRESSING PULP BARREL BODIES. No. 319,976.

- Patented June 16, 18-85.-

(N0 Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

S. M. HOTOHKISS.

MACHINE FOR DRYING AND PRESSING PULP BARREL BODIES.

No. 819,976. Patented June 16, 1885,.

2% MW; m 2%. WET/4%;

Z7 mog v M,

llNirnn STATES PATENT @FFlCE-g SAMUEL M. HOTCHKISS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

MACHINE FOR DRYING AND PRESSING PULP BARREL-BODIES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 319,976, dated June 16, 1885.

Application filed January 24, 1885. (No model.)

Barrel-Bodies and the like, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where Figure 1 is an elevation view of the 1113-- chine with the core underneath carrying a barrel-body previously formed thereon in another machine. Fig.'2 is a plan view of the machine shown in Fig. 1, with one-third thereof shown in horizontal section on the plane denoted by the dotted line :0 x seen on Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view of the machine shown in Fig. 1, in vertical section on the plane denoted by the dotted line y y seen in Fig. 2. The core and the barrel-body it carries are not sectioned. Fig. 4 is an elevation view of the core, scale enlarged. Fig. 5 is a top or plan view of the core, scale enlarged. Fig. 6 is a view of the bottom'of the core with the covering-plate, which is on the extreme lower end, removed. Fig. 7 is a View of the core in vertical section on the plane denoted by the dot-ted line 00 x in Fig. 5. The section cuts the core-sections. Fig. Sis a view of the core in vertical section on the plane denoted by the dotted line y seen in Fig. 5. The section cuts the core-blocks. Fig. 9 is a view of the top of the core with the plate which covers the steam'chest removed. Fig. 10 is a cross-section of the upper part of the core giving a side view of the mechanism in the steam-chest, which is at that end of the corescale enlarged. Fig. 11 is a cross-section view of the extreme lower end of the core This scale is somewhat reduced from the scale used in Fig. 10.

This machine is intended for drying, by heat under pressure, a barrelbody of pulp previously formed and shaped in another machine and brought to this machine upon the core on which it was originally formed.

The letter d denotes what may be termed the frame-ring of this machine, although it is practically, in the present instance, made of three different castings connected by strong This frame-ring is supported upon the V inder, h, carrying the reciprocating piston head j, from which depends the piston-rod is", which engages with the core-shaft m, when the core bearing upon it a barrel-body is brought underneath, the connection being made by having the lower end of the rod k" socketed and shut over and upon the upper end of the core-shaft, the key r completing the engagement. Then water being forced into the lifting-cylinder the pisto'n-headj rises, lifting the core and the barrel-body it carries, into the central spacebetweentheexternalsidecompressors of this machine. compressors are preferably three in number, but of course the number may be varied. The lower table, f has a raised ring on its upper surface, and the upper table, 9, has a similar ring on its lower surface,both of which rings are radially slotted or mortised, which mortises act as guides for the external side compressors as they move toward or-from the axis of the barrel-body, a movement convenientl y termed their radial movement. Each of the external side compressors bears a faceplate, n, of brass or the like, faced with a finely-perforated mold-face. These face-plates are bored laterally through and through from front to rear, and grooved in the rear for the escape of steam from the drying barrel-body. The external side compressors are made, practically, one with the piston-rods 0 by a a doweled key, 1). These piston-rods 0 enter the cylinders r, and are there provided with the piston-heads 8'. These piston-heads are intended to be operated in both directions by water forced into the cylinders 1 upon one or the other side of the pistonheads-that is, these pistons are made use of for putting the pressure upon the barrel-body, and also for withdrawing the external side compressors.

It will be readily understood that after the core, bearing upon it the barrel-body, has been These external side ICO lifted into the central space between the external side compressors, these external side.

compressors are moved forward under considerable power, so as to put and keep the barrel-body during the operation which is to follow of drying by heat under a very considerable pressure. There are joint-flaps t attached on the one side to the face-plate n and lapping over the neighboring face-plate, such neighboring face-plate beingproperly re-v cessed or' rabbeted for that purpose.

The external side compressors have formed within them ducts or spaces for the circulation of steam or other heating agent,'which may well be termed heat-ducts, which are denoted, so far as these external side compressors are concerned, by the letter u, and the same letter denotes heat-ducts for the same purposein the parts composing the core. Now, with the barrel-body under a very considerable pressure, as already described, the steam or other heating agent is caused to circulate through allthese heat-ducts, both in the core and in the external side compressors,until the moisture is dried out from the barrel-body to any desired degree. After which the external side compressors are withdrawn or retracted, the core is let down or dropped underneath, the core collapsed, and the barrel-body removed. The steam is admitted to the core through a flexible or jointed tube, 1), or the like, and taken away through a flexible or jointed tube w", or the like, theconnections, thereof being made after the core and its barrel-body are put under pressure in the machine, and the disconnection thereof being made before the core and its barrel-body are removed from the machine. nects with a pipe, .2, carried permanently by the core-spine, which pipe conducts the steam to a steam-chest, a, at the top of the corespine, whence it is distributed to the, ducts or chambers, u,(in the core-sections and core blocks,) whence it comes into a steam-chest, b, at the bottom of the core-spine, and thence escapes through the tube 10. The plate 0' covers the steam-chest a, and the plate d covers the steam-chest b.

Inside the steam-chest a there are horizontally-reciprocating pipes e. Those which reciprocate radially of the core carry the live steam into the heat-ducts of the corefblocks, and others-reciprocating at right angles to radii of the core-carry the live steam into the heat-ducts of the core-sections. When retract.- ed, these pipes edo not project beyond the sides of the core-spine; but when projected or thrust forward they project slightly beyond the sides of the core-spine and into the sockets or pipe-holes made for them in the sides of the core'blocks and core-sections, making them closely communicate with the heat-ducts in such core-blocks and core-sections.

The letters f denote rubber packing (pieces of rubber tube) around the pipes e,

The tube '0 conwhich, when the pipes e are thrown out or forward, shut into recesses made for them in the sides of the core-blocks and core-sections, and they are so compressed in this operation as to make the joint steam-tight. These pipes e are reciprocated by rotating the disk communicating with the pipes through the medium of the j ointed connecting-rods h. The disk g is operated from the exterior and below the core by means of the rotary shaft 1''", many sided at the lower end for the application of a wrench or the like, the forked-arm 3'' fast on shaft i, and the stud k on disk An apparatusprecisely like pipes e", disk 9', and rods h, is contained in the lower steam-chest, b, and it is operated simnltaneously with said apparatus in the upper steamchest by means of the shaft i",carrying a duplicate of forked arm j, operated on a duplicate of stud k. It will be readily understood that the pipes e and the duplicates in the lower steam-chest areconnected with the heat-ducts in the core-blocks and core-sections preparatory to having the live steam circulate in such core-blocks and core-sections, and that these pipes are disconnected before removing the core from the machine.

It will be observed that in using this drying-machine the article which is being made from pulp is under pressure while heat is applied to both sides of the stock, the practical result of which is of very great importance, the article produced being practically of a- .material differing very widely from ordinary compressed pulp, so widely as to seem to be a substantially other and different thing.

In practicing the ordinary modes of drying pulp articles in kilns or drying-rooms the shrinking of the stock is unequal in various respects. Difi'erent lots of pulp not reduced to the same degree of fineness in the beater show a corresponding variation in drying. An article of long coarse pulp does not dry to as small a size as short fine pulp.

When the article is compressed into shape, difierent degrees of pressure leave corresponding differences in the amount of moisture in the stock, and this causes a variation of shrinkage in the drying. If from any cause one portion of the stock is left denser than another, then in the drying the denser portion shrinks less than the moister portion, resulting in warping the article.

In drying such an article as a pulp barrel set up on end, as isnatural, on a rack or floor in akiln or drying-room the upper end dries faster and contracts more than the lower end, and this trouble is not cured when in drying the barrel is reversed end for end, with the result that the barrel is left larger at one end than at the other. The same conditions which affect the shrinkage, warping, and variation in the size in the drying of such articles as pulp barrel-bodies similarly and to even a greater degree affect the drying of such pulp articles as barrel-heads, and as a result heads dried in the manner heretofore in vogue must each be fitted specially to the particular barrel-body to which it is applied by some distinct process or manipulation involving expense, and requiring that each head be used only for the particular end of the particular barrel to which it has been fitted. Again, when the pulp article in question is a barrel-body the varying sizes of barrels, as heretofore dried, have required that each hoop used in finishing be fitted separately to its place. While drying articles of pulp in drying-rooms and the like is not positivelyimpracticable, it yetinvolves great expense in fitting up, heating, and otherwise utilizing the large area for drying which large mills require, which has been found to be practically a very great obstacle in interesting manufacturers in the business.

In the modes of drying pulp articles heretofore in use by artificial heat the rapid expulsion of moisture in the form of vapor has caused the article to puff or swell, making itthicker, less dense, and less strong than it otherwise would be, and than it is desirable to have it.

In practicing the mode of drying herein set forth, the barrel-body or other pulp article is in a few minutes rendered, in a practical sense, perfectly dry by the use of the press having heated exterior and interior walls, while every defect, trouble, and disadvantage hereinbefore enumerated as pertaining to the old modes of drying, as well as others not so enumerated, are entirely obviated or cured.

Barrels and barrel-heads come out of the drying-press all of precisely the same size, so that any head will fit any chine, and all labor of fitting, which would otherwise be required, is dispensed with.

As the barrel-heads are precisely alike, hoops may be made of regular sizes by machinery or otherwise in large quantities, each of which will always fit the barrel-bodies at precisely the place designed for it.

The application of heat to both sides of a barrel-body while the same is under pressure has the effect of taking up laterally all shrinkage caused by expelling the moisture, entirely of drying by heat under pressure herein described is that the surface of the article is left completely finished as it comes from the drying-press, requiring no further work or preparation in that regard. In the practice of .this process such an article as a barrel-body may be pressed from free pulp, dried, and finished, ready to be put to use in a space of time measured by minutes, where before days have been required. Each of the external side compressors carries a pipe, I, which moves back and forth as the compressor moves in a properly packed sleeve, m, which is on the end of a pipe, n, rising from a circular pipe, 0'. This pipe 0 carries live steam through pipes 12 and 1 into the heat-ducts of all the external side compressors. The pipes Z each have an orifice for the entrance of steam coming from pipes n, such orifices being brought into proper relation for that purpose with the pipes n when the external side compressors havemoved forward.

The improvement claimed herein is 1. The combination of the core chambered by heat-ducts and the movable external side compressors chambered by heat-ducts, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. The external side compressors chambered by heat-ducts and moved by hydraulic rams taking their water-Suppl y from one common source, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

SAMUEL M. HOTGHKISS.

Witnesses:

OHAs. L. BURDETT, H. R. WILLIAMS. 

